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High-throughput Flow Cytometry Cell-based Assay to Detect Antibodies to N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor or Dopamine-2 Receptor in Human Serum

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[Anti-Ma2 paraneoplastic autoimmune encephalitis].

E O Chekanova¹, T O Simaniv¹, A N Evdokimenko¹

¹Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova

|August 1, 2022

Summary

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are rare cancer complications. This case highlights recurrent anti-Ma2 autoimmune encephalitis, a rare PNS subtype, in a patient with two distinct primary tumors.

Keywords:

anti-Ma2 autoimmune encephalitis paraneoplastic syndrome

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Oncology
Immunology

Background:

Paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) arise from indirect tumor effects (humoral/immunologic).
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) affect <1% of cancer patients, impacting any nervous system part.
Anti-Ma2 antibody is linked to specific PNS phenotypes, notably encephalitis affecting brainstem, limbic, and diencephalic areas.

Observation:

This report details a patient experiencing recurrent anti-Ma2 autoimmune encephalitis.
The patient had a history of two separate primary tumors.

Findings:

The case illustrates a rare presentation of anti-Ma2 antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis.
Recurrence of the encephalitis was observed in this patient.
The association with multiple primary tumors adds complexity to the clinical picture.

Implications:

Understanding rare PNS presentations like recurrent anti-Ma2 encephalitis is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.
This case underscores the importance of considering paraneoplastic etiologies in neurological disorders, especially with a history of cancer.
Further research into the mechanisms underlying recurrent PNS and their association with multiple primary cancers is warranted.