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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

3.4K
In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
3.4K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

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Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
12.7K
Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

13.5K
In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
13.5K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

6.1K
Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
6.1K
Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols01:21

Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols

2.1K
Activated manganese(IV) oxide can selectively oxidize allylic and benzylic alcohols via a radical intermediate mechanism. Primary allylic alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes, while secondary allylic alcohols yield ketones. The redox reaction of potassium permanganate with an Mn(II) salt such as manganese sulfate (under either alkaline or acidic conditions), followed by thorough drying, yields the oxidizing agent: activated MnO2. While MnO2 is insoluble in the solvents used for the reaction, the...
2.1K
Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect02:35

Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect

8.9K
In the presence of organic peroxides, the addition of hydrogen bromide to an alkene yields the isomer that is not predicted by Markovnikov’s rule. For example, the addition of hydrogen bromide to 2-methylpropene in the presence of peroxides gives 1-bromo-2-methylpropane. This addition reaction proceeds via a free radical mechanism, which reverses the regioselectivity. The free radical reaction mechanism involves three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination.
8.9K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
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Predicting the Mechanisms for H2O2 Activation and Phenol Oxidation Catalyzed by Modified Graphene-Based Systems Using

Bo Gong1,2, Calvin Ku1, Han-Qing Yu2

  • 1School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 999077, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|August 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study explores hydrogen peroxide activation and pollutant oxidation mechanisms on graphene catalysts using density functional theory. Edge oxygen groups on graphene efficiently activate hydrogen peroxide, guiding catalyst design for Fenton-like reactions.

Keywords:
H2O2 activationheterogeneous Fenton-likemechanismsmodified graphene-based systemsphenol oxidation

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Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions using metal-free graphene catalysts are gaining attention for pollutant degradation.
  • A comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms for hydrogen peroxide activation and pollutant oxidation is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions on doped and oxygen-containing graphene.
  • To elucidate the role of graphene modifications in hydrogen peroxide activation and pollutant oxidation.

Main Methods:

  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to study reaction mechanisms.
  • Analysis of hydrogen peroxide adsorption and dissociation pathways on various graphene structures.
  • Investigation of phenol oxidation by surface-generated reactive oxygen species.

Main Results:

  • Doped graphene facilitates hydrogen peroxide formation of surface oxygen and water.
  • Edge-located oxygen-containing groups (hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl) on graphene readily activate hydrogen peroxide.
  • Proximity of oxygen groups can lead to side reactions, potentially inhibiting catalyst recovery.
  • Thermodynamics of phenol oxidation are influenced by co-adsorption strengths on different catalysts.

Conclusions:

  • Graphene's surface chemistry significantly impacts Fenton-like reaction efficiency.
  • Edge oxygen functionalities are key for effective hydrogen peroxide activation.
  • DFT insights can guide the rational design of graphene-based catalysts for environmental remediation.