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Differences in methane and nitrous oxide emissions and soil bacteria communities between straw return methods in
Jing Zhang1,2, Shuaibing Zhao1,2, Ye Liu1,2
1Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China.
Wheat straw return with reduced nitrogen (SRD) boosts soil fertility and rice yield in China. This method enhances soil organic carbon and nutrient levels while reducing nitrous oxide emissions compared to traditional straw return.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Soil Science
- Environmental Science
Background:
- Straw return (SR) improves soil fertility and carbon storage.
- Optimizing rice cultivation involves increasing planting density and reducing nitrogen (N) fertilizer.
- Mechanisms linking wheat SR with rice planting densification and N reduction (SRD) to greenhouse gas emissions and soil bacteria remain unclear in central China.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effects of SRD compared to SR and no straw removal (NS) on greenhouse gas emissions (CH4 and N2O), rice yield, and soil properties.
- To investigate the impact of SRD on soil bacteria communities.
- To understand the mechanisms behind observed changes in emissions and soil properties.
Main Methods:
- A two-year field experiment was conducted in Henan Province, China (2019-2020).
- Treatments included straw return with densification and N reduction (SRD), straw return (SR), and no straw removal (NS).
- Measurements included CH4 and N2O fluxes, rice yield, soil organic carbon (SOC), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), and soil bacteria community composition.
Main Results:
- SRD significantly increased SOC, AP, and AK compared to SR and NS.
- Cumulative CH4 emissions were higher in SR and SRD plots than NS, with no significant difference between SR and SRD.
- N2O emissions were significantly lower under SRD than SR. SRD altered soil bacteria diversity and composition, reducing nitrate reduction-related bacteria and thus N2O production.
- N partial factor productivity was substantially higher under SRD.
Conclusions:
- SRD enhances soil fertility (SOC, AP, AK) and N fertilizer use efficiency in japonica rice cultivation.
- SRD effectively reduces N2O emissions, potentially through altered soil bacteria activity.
- SRD offers a promising strategy for sustainable rice production in central China, balancing yield improvement with reduced environmental impact.
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