Biogenic biocompatible silver nanoparticles: a promising antibacterial agent

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology
• Biotechnology
• Materials Science

Background:

• Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is gaining attention as an eco-friendly, economical, and safe alternative to physicochemical methods.
• Plant-based synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is highly cost-effective.
• AgNPs have historical use and recent applications in food and pharmaceuticals as antimicrobials and antioxidants.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the biogenic synthesis of AgNPs.
• To explore their antibacterial mechanisms and potential.
• To discuss factors influencing AgNP antibacterial efficacy.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on biogenic AgNP synthesis.
• Analysis of studies investigating AgNP interactions with bacteria.
• Examination of physicochemical properties affecting AgNP antibacterial activity.

Main Results:

• Biogenic AgNPs exhibit multifaceted antibacterial mechanisms, including cellular entry, free radical generation, and ROS modulation.
• Numerous bacterial species like *Escherichia coli* and *Staphylococcus aureus* are susceptible to AgNP inhibition.
• Physicochemical characteristics such as surface charge, size, and concentration are critical for antibacterial potency.

Conclusions:

• Biogenic AgNPs represent a promising area in nanobiotechnology for developing novel antibacterial therapeutics.
• Further optimization of AgNP properties can enhance their potency, durability, accuracy, biosecurity, and compatibility.
• AgNPs offer a powerful tool for combating microbial infections.