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Network Covalent Solids

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

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Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Standardizing the Development of Amine-Based Silica Composites as CO2 Adsorbents for Direct Air Capture

Author Spotlight: Standardizing the Development of Amine-Based Silica Composites as CO2 Adsorbents for Direct Air Capture

Published on: September 29, 2023

A scalable solid-state nanoporous network with atomic-level interaction design for carbon dioxide capture.

Haiyan Mao¹, Jing Tang^2,3, Gregory S Day⁴

¹Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Science Advances

|August 3, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed sustainable melamine nanoporous networks (MNNs) for efficient carbon dioxide capture. These MNNs offer high capacity, rapid adsorption, and exceptional stability, aiding carbon neutrality goals.

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Last Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Standardizing the Development of Amine-Based Silica Composites as CO2 Adsorbents for Direct Air Capture

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Published on: September 29, 2023

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Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores

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Published on: October 31, 2013

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Environmental Science

Background:

Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is vital for achieving carbon neutrality targets by reducing CO2 emissions.
Developing cost-effective and efficient materials for CO2 capture remains a significant challenge in industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate novel, sustainable, solid-state polyamine-appended melamine nanoporous networks (MNNs) for effective and high-capacity carbon dioxide capture.
To elucidate the reaction mechanisms of MNNs with CO2 at the atomic level using advanced spectroscopic techniques.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of polyamine-appended, cyanuric acid-stabilized melamine nanoporous networks (MNNs) using dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) at the kilogram scale.
Utilizing double-level DCC and two-dimensional heteronuclear chemical shift correlation nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-HCNMR) spectroscopy to study CO2 chemisorption mechanisms.
Evaluating MNNs' adsorption capacity, kinetics, stability, and cost-effectiveness.

Main Results:

Identified ammonium carbamate pairs and a mixture of ammonium carbamate and carbamic acid during CO2 chemisorption.
Achieved high CO2 adsorption capacity (1.82 mmol/g at 1 bar) with rapid adsorption kinetics (less than 1 minute).
Demonstrated extraordinary cycling stability when exposed to flue gas, alongside a low material price.

Conclusions:

The polyamine and cyanuric acid modification of MNNs significantly enhances CO2 capture performance.
The study presents a generalizable industrialization method for CO2 capture through DCC-based atomic-level design.
These MNNs represent a promising advancement in sustainable materials for effective carbon dioxide emission reduction.