Nanofriction Properties of Mono- and Double-Layer Ti₃C₂T MXenes

Unique structure and ability to control the surface termination groups of MXenes make these materials extremely promising for solid lubrication applications. Due to the challenging delamination process, the tribological properties of two-dimensional MXenes particles have been mostly investigated as additive components in the solvents working in the macrosystem, while the understanding of the nanotribological properties of mono- and few-layer MXenes is still limited. Here, we investigate the nanotribological properties of mono- and double-layer Ti₃C₂T MXenes deposited by the Langmuir-Schaefer technique on SiO₂/Si substrates. The friction of all of the samples demonstrated superior lubrication properties with respect to SiO₂ substrate, while the friction force of the monolayers was found to be slightly higher compared to double- and three-layer flakes, which demonstrated similar friction. The coefficient of friction was estimated to be 0.087 ± 0.002 and 0.082 ± 0.003 for mono- and double-layer flakes, respectively. The viscous regime was suggested as the dominant friction mechanism at high scanning velocities, while the meniscus forces affected by contamination of the MXenes surface were proposed to control the friction at low sliding velocities.