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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Flail Chest-II01:26

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Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
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Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
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Overview of Flail Chest
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

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The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Providing Visual Biofeedback Using Brightness Mode Ultrasound During a Golf Swing
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Upper Body Injuries in Golfers.

Andrew Creighton1, Jennifer Cheng2, Joel Press2

  • 1Department of Physiatry, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E. 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA. CreightonA@hss.edu.

Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine
|August 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Golf injuries are common in the upper body, affecting the spine, shoulder, elbow, and wrist. Proper warm-ups and a team approach with coaches and medical professionals can help prevent and treat these golf-related injuries.

Keywords:
Cervical spine injuryElbow injuryGolfShoulder injuryThoracic spine injuryWrist injury

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Golf is a popular sport accessible to all ages.
  • Individual swing mechanics vary, with professionals exhibiting more consistency.
  • A multidisciplinary approach involving coaches, physical therapists, and physicians is crucial for injury management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology of golf injuries.
  • To identify common upper body injuries in golfers.
  • To discuss treatment and prevention strategies for golf-related injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of golf injury epidemiology.
  • Examination of common injuries in the cervical spine, thoracic spine, shoulder, elbow, and wrist.

Main Results:

  • Golf is a rotational sport requiring kinetic chain awareness.
  • Warm-up routines should address all kinetic chain segments.
  • Despite its perception as safe, golf can lead to upper body injuries across all skill levels.

Conclusions:

  • Upper body injuries, particularly in the spine, shoulder, elbow, and wrist, are prevalent in golfers.
  • Comprehensive warm-up protocols are essential for injury prevention.
  • Collaborative care is recommended for effective golf injury treatment and prevention.