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Psychophysiological responses to exercise are negatively affected during menstruation and the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (MC). Women experience increased negative affect and reduced motivation during menstruation, impacting exercise adherence.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Women's Health
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Understanding psychophysiological responses during the menstrual cycle (MC) is crucial for promoting consistent exercise in women.
  • Previous research indicates potential fluctuations in mood and physical sensations across different MC phases.
  • Self-selected exercise intensity allows for naturalistic investigation of responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the psychophysiological responses of healthy women during self-selected exercise intensity across the menstrual cycle.
  • To compare responses during menstruation, mid-follicular, and late luteal phases.

Main Methods:

  • Seventeen healthy women completed three 30-minute treadmill sessions at self-selected intensity during menstruation, mid-follicular, and late luteal phases.
  • Measurements included anxiety, menstrual distress, mood profiles, arousal, heart rate (HR), motivation, perceived exertion, and affective valence.
  • Data were analyzed to compare psychophysiological responses across the MC phases.

Main Results:

  • Significantly greater anger, anxiety, behavior change, pain, and negative affect were reported during menstruation compared to the mid-follicular phase.
  • Increased fluid retention, anger, behavior change, and autonomic reactions were noted in the late luteal phase versus the mid-follicular phase.
  • Participants reported lower motivation and more negative affective valence before exercise during menstruation; however, self-selected exercise intensity (speed and %HRmax) did not significantly differ across phases.

Conclusions:

  • Psychophysiological responses during self-selected exercise are negatively impacted, particularly during menstruation and the late luteal phase of the MC.
  • These findings highlight phase-specific challenges for exercise initiation and adherence in women.
  • This information can assist healthcare professionals in guiding women to maintain exercise routines throughout their MC.