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Structure and function of red cell cytoskeleton.

M Nakao, Y Jinbu, S Sato

    Biomedica Biochimica Acta
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Red blood cell shape is primarily determined by the cytoskeleton, influenced by ATP levels. The lipid bilayer plays a complementary role, with cytoplasmic volume further modifying the cell's form.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Cell Biology
    • Hematology

    Background:

    • Erythrocyte shape is crucial for blood flow and oxygen transport.
    • The roles of the lipid bilayer and cytoskeleton in maintaining red blood cell morphology are complex and interdependent.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the influence of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) levels on red blood cell (RBC) shape and surface area.
    • To elucidate the distinct contributions of the lipid bilayer and cytoskeleton to erythrocyte morphology.

    Main Methods:

    • Experiments involving manipulation of ATP levels in red blood cells and ghosts.
    • Use of trypsin treatment to selectively alter cytoskeletal components.
    • Analysis of red blood cell shells using Ca2+ and MgATP to observe structural changes.

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  • Measurements of cell, ghost, and shell diameters at varying pH.

    • Main Results:

    • RBC shape changes were reversible with ATP levels, while volume remained constant.
    • Both lipid bilayer and cytoskeleton surface areas were modulated by ATP.
    • Trypsin treatment disrupted the ankyrin band, abolishing shape and viscosity changes induced by CPZ and ATP.
    • Triton shells exhibited Ca2+-induced shrinking and MgATP-induced swelling, with specific dissociation and reassociation behaviors.

    Conclusions:

    • Erythrocyte shape is primarily dictated by the cytoskeleton.
    • The lipid bilayer provides a complementary function in maintaining cell shape.
    • Relative cytoplasmic volume acts as a third factor modifying erythrocyte morphology.