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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
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Verifying Efficacy of Self-Inhalation Training for Velopharyngeal Dysfunction.

Rika Kobayashi1, Noriaki Hagiwara2, Mihiro Takazawa1

  • 1Department of Artificial Organs & Medical Creations, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.

Folia Phoniatrica Et Logopaedica : Official Organ of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP)
|August 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Forceful inhalation through a plastic bottle significantly enhances velopharyngeal closure by strengthening key muscles. This simple method offers a potential training solution for velopharyngeal dysfunction, benefiting aging populations and those with acquired conditions.

Keywords:
Magnetic resonance imagingPeak inspiratory flowRehabilitationSelf-inhalation trainingVelopharyngeal function

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Speech Science
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) leads to resonance issues like hypernasality and dysphagia, particularly in older adults.
  • A novel inhaling training method using peak inspiratory flow (PIF) rate has previously shown effectiveness in improving velopharyngeal function.
  • This study aimed to quantify the degree of velopharyngeal closure achieved through different tasks to validate the training method's efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a novel inhaling training method for improving velopharyngeal closure.
  • To determine the optimal task for achieving maximal velopharyngeal closure using MRI.
  • To support the use of simple resistance-based inhalation exercises for velopharyngeal rehabilitation.

Main Methods:

  • Three healthy volunteers underwent MRI scans in a supine position.
  • Tasks included producing nasal (/n:/) versus non-nasal (/shi:/) sounds and forceful/soft inhalation/exhalation through a straw or a 500-mL plastic bottle.
  • Sagittal MRI images were captured during each 30-second task to assess velopharyngeal closure.

Main Results:

  • Forceful inhalation through an empty plastic bottle resulted in the strongest velopharyngeal closure among all tested tasks and volunteers.
  • This closure was observed between the posterior velum and the posterior pharyngeal wall.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support the efficacy of the developed inhaling training method for enhancing velopharyngeal closure.
  • Resistance-based inhalation, such as through a PIF meter or plastic bottle, strengthens the levator veli palatini muscle, crucial for velopharyngeal function.
  • This accessible training method using plastic bottles can be beneficial for patients with various acquired velopharyngeal dysfunctions, including those related to aging.