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Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes
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Antibiotic resistance in Enterobacter hormaechei.

Ting-Kuang Yeh1, Hsueh-Ju Lin2, Po-Yu Liu3

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Summary

Enterobacter hormaechei is a growing threat in healthcare settings. This review details the various antibiotic resistance genes found in this resilient pathogen, highlighting critical public health concerns.

Keywords:
Antibiotic resistanceCarbapenemaseESBLEnterobacter cloacae complexEnterobacter hormaecheiβ-Lactamase

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Enterobacter hormaechei, part of the Enterobacter cloacae complex, is an emerging pathogen causing healthcare-associated infections globally.
  • Recent advancements in phylogenetics and whole-genome sequencing have facilitated the worldwide identification of E. hormaechei.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse antibiotic resistance genes present in antibiotic-resistant Enterobacter hormaechei isolates.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the genetic basis for resistance in this important pathogen.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles and databases.
  • Analysis of published data on Enterobacter hormaechei resistance mechanisms.
  • Compilation of information on identified resistance genes.

Main Results:

  • E. hormaechei isolates exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotic classes.
  • Common resistance mechanisms include the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC β-lactamases, and carbapenemases.
  • A wide array of specific resistance genes conferring these phenotypes has been identified.

Conclusions:

  • Antibiotic resistance in Enterobacter hormaechei poses a significant challenge to effective treatment of infections.
  • Understanding the spectrum of resistance genes is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies and infection control measures.
  • Continued surveillance and research into novel resistance mechanisms are essential.