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Why and When Beliefs Change.

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Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science
|August 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People change beliefs based on the potential outcomes, viewing belief shifts as an economic transaction. Belief utility, influenced by internal feelings and external gains, drives whether individuals adopt new ideas, even false ones.

Keywords:
beliefconfidencedecision-makingmetacognitionvalue

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Understanding belief change is complex, with individuals sometimes retaining false beliefs despite evidence or changing them without clear reasons.
  • Existing models often overlook the multifaceted utility derived from holding a belief.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel framework for understanding belief change.
  • To conceptualize belief change as an economic transaction based on the utility of potential outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • The study proposes a theoretical model where belief utility is assessed based on potential internal (feelings) and external (material) outcomes.
  • Belief change is framed as a cost-benefit analysis comparing the multidimensional utility of existing versus new beliefs.

Main Results:

  • Belief utility is derived from associated potential outcomes, which can be internal (e.g., emotions) or external (e.g., resources).
  • Only some outcomes are contingent on the accuracy of the belief.
  • Belief change is triggered when the multidimensional utility comparison between the old and new belief shifts.

Conclusions:

  • Belief change can be understood as an economic decision, weighing the utility of different potential outcomes.
  • Environmental shifts or changes in outcome salience can drive belief transitions, irrespective of accuracy.