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Depression in young people.

Anita Thapar1, Olga Eyre1, Vikram Patel2

  • 1Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Section, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.

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|August 8, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rates of depression in adolescents are increasing, particularly in females. Early intervention and prevention strategies are crucial to mitigate long-term adverse outcomes and improve mental health during this critical developmental period.

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Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Adolescent depression rates have significantly increased, especially among females, posing a risk to developmental trajectories.
  • Untreated depression in youth can lead to recurrence, other psychiatric disorders, and lasting functional impairments.
  • Prioritizing prevention and early intervention is essential due to the critical developmental stage of adolescence and its associated life transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of depression in young people.
  • To identify risk factors and effective prevention/intervention strategies.
  • To recommend a treatment approach for adolescent depression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evidence favoring indicated and targeted prevention over universal prevention.
  • Exploration of emerging school-based and community-based social interventions.
  • Recommendation of a stepwise treatment approach for heterogeneous depression.

Main Results:

  • High-risk groups include those with a family history of depression, social stressors (bullying, relationship discord), chronic physical health issues, or belonging to a sexual minority.
  • Clinical antecedents such as depressive symptoms, anxiety, and irritability are key indicators.
  • School-based and community interventions show promise for prevention and early intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Depression in young people is a growing concern with significant adverse outcomes.
  • Indicated and targeted prevention strategies are more effective than universal approaches.
  • A stepwise treatment model, beginning with psychosocial interventions and progressing to therapy and medication if needed, is recommended for heterogeneous adolescent depression.