Pulp Regenerative Cell Therapy for Mature Molars: A Report of 2 Cases

Regenerative cell therapy using autologous dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in mature single-rooted teeth is a potential alternative to traditional endodontic treatment. However, there is no evidence supporting the use of DPSCs in multirooted teeth. This case report aimed to demonstrate the feasibility and outcomes of pulp regenerative cell therapy in mature multirooted molars, which typically have a higher prevalence of apical deltas. A 26-year-old male and a 29-year-old male were referred for the pulp regeneration of their maxillary molars. After access preparation and establishing apical patency, root canal preparation and disinfection were performed. Autologous DPSCs were isolated from extracted third molars, cultured according to the guidelines of good manufacturing practice, and transplanted into the prepared root canals with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in atelocollagen. The access cavity was sealed with Biodentine and composite resin. Clinical evaluation during the follow-up period of 48 weeks and laboratory evaluation after 4 weeks revealed no adverse events or evidence of systemic toxicity. After 48 weeks, radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography showed no periapical radiolucency. The teeth showed a positive response to electric pulp testing in 4 weeks in both cases. The signal intensities on magnetic resonance imaging of the regenerated pulp tissue in the affected teeth were comparable to those of the normal pulp in adjacent teeth after 24 weeks. This report of 2 cases demonstrates the utility of DPSCs and the feasibility of pulp regenerative cell therapy in multirooted molars.