Stability analysis of within-host SARS-CoV-2/HIV coinfection model
Afnan D Al Agha1, Ahmed M Elaiw2,3, Shaimaa A Azoz4
1Department of Mathematical Science, College of Engineering University of Business and Technology Jeddah Saudi Arabia.
Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences
|August 9, 2022
Summary
Mathematical modeling of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection reveals that a weakened immune response increases SARS-CoV-2 viral load, leading to more severe COVID-19 outcomes in coinfected patients.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Mathematical Biology
- Immunology
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has seen reported coinfections with HIV globally.
- Understanding SARS-CoV-2/HIV coinfection dynamics is crucial for patient outcomes.
- Mathematical modeling aids in studying viral dynamics and coinfections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and analyze a within-host mathematical model for SARS-CoV-2 and HIV coinfection.
- To investigate the impact of coinfection on viral loads and disease severity.
- To assess the role of CD4+ T cell immune response in SARS-CoV-2/HIV coinfection.
Main Methods:
- Development of a mathematical model comprising six ordinary differential equations.
- Analysis of model solutions for biological acceptability (nonnegativity, boundedness).
- Computation of steady states, derivation of positivity conditions, and proof of global asymptotic stability using Lyapunov functions.
- Numerical simulations to support stability analysis.
Main Results:
- The model demonstrates that a weak CD4+ T cell immune response or low CD4+ T cell counts elevate infected epithelial cells and SARS-CoV-2 viral load.
- This exacerbates SARS-CoV-2 infection severity in coinfected individuals.
- Findings align with studies indicating higher COVID-19 severity risk in HIV patients.
Conclusions:
- Mathematical modeling provides insights into SARS-CoV-2/HIV coinfection dynamics.
- Impaired CD4+ T cell immunity significantly worsens COVID-19 outcomes in coinfected patients.
- Further research is needed to elucidate coinfection mechanisms and immune responses.
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