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Opioid Sparing Analgesics in Spine Surgery
Logan A Reed1, Mihir Patel1, Kevin Luque1
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Advances in Orthopedics
|August 9, 2022
Summary
Nonopioid analgesics can reduce postoperative pain and opioid use in spine surgery. This review explores various opioid-sparing options to aid surgeons in managing pain and improving patient recovery.
Area of Science:
- Anesthesiology
- Orthopedics
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Postoperative pain management often relies on opioids, leading to potential adverse effects and dependence.
- Nonopioid analgesics offer alternatives for pain control, but their implementation in spine surgery is complex.
- Standardization of nonopioid analgesic protocols is needed to optimize outcomes in spine surgery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the efficacy of various nonopioid analgesics for managing postoperative pain in spine surgery.
- To provide guidance for surgeons on utilizing opioid-sparing medications to reduce opioid consumption.
- To support the development of standardized pain management protocols in spine surgery.
Main Methods:
- A narrative review of published literature was conducted.
- Searches were performed using Google Scholar and PubMed.
- Keywords included "analgesics," "spine," and "pain" to identify relevant studies.
Main Results:
- Various nonopioid analgesics, including acetaminophen, NSAIDs, gabapentinoids, and ketamine, show potential for opioid sparing.
- Each nonopioid analgesic has unique advantages and disadvantages impacting universal implementation.
- Ambiguous administration guidelines present challenges for standardizing protocols in spine surgery.
Conclusions:
- Nonopioid analgesics are crucial for multimodal pain management strategies in spine surgery.
- Further research and clear guidelines are needed to optimize the use of these agents.
- Effective use of nonopioid analgesics can lead to decreased opioid reliance, faster recovery, and improved patient satisfaction.
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