2D materials, synthesis, characterization and toxicity: A critical review

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Chemistry

Background:

• Two-dimensional (2D) materials, including graphene and MXenes, possess unique properties derived from their morphology and diameter.
• These materials offer diverse applications in imaging, drug delivery, and disease theranostics due to their physiochemical characteristics and high reactivity.
• The unique potential of each 2D material varies based on its specific structure and form.

Purpose of the Study:

• To address knowledge gaps concerning the interdisciplinary roles of various 2D materials.
• To provide a comprehensive overview of 2D materials, encompassing their synthesis, characterization, and applications.
• To critically analyze the potential toxicities and associated risks of 2D materials for safe application.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of 2D materials, focusing on synthesis and characterization techniques.
• In-depth analysis of existing research on the applications of 2D materials.
• Toxicological assessment of 2D materials to evaluate safety profiles.

Main Results:

• Overview of diverse 2D material families, including graphene, MXenes, chalcogenides, and 2D oxides.
• Detailed discussion of synthesis and characterization methods relevant to 2D materials.
• Comprehensive analysis of the potential applications and toxicities of 2D materials.

Conclusions:

• 2D materials exhibit significant potential across various scientific and technological fields.
• Understanding synthesis, characterization, and toxicity is crucial for harnessing their capabilities.
• Future research should focus on overcoming challenges and exploring new perspectives for 2D materials.