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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 2, 2025

Iatrogenic Injury Recapitulated: Electroexcision Technique for Urethral Stricture Modeling in Rats
03:37

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A Prospective Multi-Institutional Evaluation of Iatrogenic Urethral Catheterization Injuries.

Stefanie M Croghan1,2, Leah Hayes3, Eabhann M O'Connor4

  • 1Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland.

Journal of Investigative Surgery : the Official Journal of the Academy of Surgical Research
|August 10, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Urethral trauma from catheterization is a common medical error, affecting mostly elderly males and leading to significant patient morbidity and healthcare costs. Improved safety measures for urinary catheterization are urgently needed.

Keywords:
catheteriatrogenicinjurytraumaurethra

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Error Research
  • Patient Safety
  • Urology

Background:

  • Iatrogenic urethral trauma during catheterization is a recognized complication.
  • Existing data on the incidence and outcomes of such injuries are limited, particularly from multi-institutional studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence and outcomes of urethral trauma resulting from attempted urinary catheterization.
  • To identify common settings, management strategies, and short-term clinical outcomes associated with these injuries.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, multi-center study was conducted across seven academic hospitals in the UK and Ireland over 3-4 months.
  • Data on urethral trauma cases, injury sites, management, and outcomes were collected.
  • The catheterization injury rate was calculated based on estimated total catheterizations per center per month.

Main Results:

  • Sixty-six urethral catheterization injuries were identified, with a mean injury rate of 6.2 per 1000 catheterizations.
  • All injured patients were male (mean age 76.1 years), with injuries occurring mainly in Emergency Departments and wards.
  • Urological intervention was required in 94.7% of cases, and 90% of patients needed further healthcare encounters post-discharge.

Conclusions:

  • Iatrogenic urethral trauma from catheterization is a prevalent medical error with significant patient morbidity and financial implications for healthcare.
  • The findings underscore the need for improved safety protocols and innovations in urinary catheterization practices.
  • This study represents the largest investigation of its kind, highlighting a universal issue across healthcare systems.