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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

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Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine

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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
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Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

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Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
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Distinct changes in the colonic microbiome associated with acute diverticulitis.

O'Grady Mj1, Greg A Turner2, Sulit A3

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Colorectal Disease : the Official Journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland
|August 11, 2022
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Altered colonic microbiomes, with reduced diversity and increased pathogenic bacteria, are linked to acute diverticulitis (AD). This study highlights the microbiome

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology
  • Human Health

Background:

  • Acute diverticulitis (AD) is a common gastrointestinal condition with poorly understood pathogenesis.
  • The colonic microbiome's role in AD development is an area of active research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the colonic microbiome and the pathogenesis of acute diverticulitis.
  • To compare the gut microbiota composition in AD patients versus healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective case-control study design.
  • 16S rRNA sequencing of rectal swab samples to analyze microbiome composition.
  • Comparison of microbial diversity and abundance between AD patients and controls.

Main Results:

  • AD patients exhibited significantly lower microbial diversity compared to controls.
  • Reduced abundance of beneficial commensal bacteria (e.g., Lachnospiraceae, Faecalibacterium) was observed in AD patients.
  • Increased abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Fusobacteria, Prevotella) was noted in AD patients.

Conclusions:

  • Alterations in the colonic microbiome are implicated in the pathogenesis of acute diverticulitis.
  • This study provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that dysbiosis contributes to AD development.
  • Findings emphasize the potential for microbiome-targeted therapies in managing AD.