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Related Concept Videos

Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

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Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
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Ligand Binding Sites02:40

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Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their interactions with other molecules or ions, known as ligands.
Protein-ligand interactions are quite specific; even though numerous potential ligands surround a cellular protein at any given time, only a particular ligand can bind to that protein. Moreover, a ligand binds only to a dedicated area on the surface of the protein, known as the...
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Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors01:28

Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors

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Cell-surface receptors, also known as transmembrane receptors, are cell surface, membrane-anchored (integral) proteins that bind to external ligand molecules. This type of receptor spans the plasma membrane and performs signal transduction, converting an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal. Ligands that interact with cell-surface receptors do not have to enter the cell that they affect. Cell-surface receptors are also called cell-specific proteins or markers because they are...
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Protein-protein Interfaces02:04

Protein-protein Interfaces

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Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a...
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Ligand Binding and Linkage00:49

Ligand Binding and Linkage

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Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked.  In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Native Cell Membrane Nanoparticles System for Membrane Protein-Protein Interaction Analysis
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Intercellular Receptor-ligand Binding: Effect of Protein-membrane Interaction.

Long Li1, Jing Ji2, Fan Song3

  • 1Kuang Yaming Honors School and Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023 Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China.

Journal of Molecular Biology
|August 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Understanding how cell surface receptor-ligand binding is affected by membrane interactions is crucial for drug discovery. This review covers membrane effects like fluctuations, curvature, glycocalyx, and lipid rafts on cell signaling.

Keywords:
GlycocalyxIntercellular receptor-ligand bindingLipid raftMembrane fluctuations and curvatureProtein-membrane interaction

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Intercellular receptor-ligand binding is vital for physiological and pathological processes.
  • In situ membrane interactions differ from in vitro solution-based protein binding.
  • Understanding these interactions can drive new drug design strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory effects of protein-membrane interactions on intercellular receptor-ligand binding.
  • To explore the influence of membrane fluctuations, curvature, glycocalyx, and lipid rafts.
  • To discuss biomedical significance and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of theoretical works.
  • Analysis of simulation studies.
  • Compilation of experimental findings.

Main Results:

  • Protein-membrane interactions significantly modulate intercellular receptor-ligand binding.
  • Membrane properties such as fluctuations, curvature, glycocalyx, and lipid rafts play regulatory roles.
  • Coupling effects of these factors are critical for pharmaceutical development.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of membrane-mediated receptor-ligand binding is essential for advancing drug discovery.
  • Future research should focus on the interplay of various membrane factors.
  • This knowledge can lead to more effective therapeutic strategies.