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Related Concept Videos

Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

370
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
370
Types of Cement II01:22

Types of Cement II

165
Portland blast-furnace cement is made by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast-furnace slag, which accounts for 25 to 65 percent of the cement's weight. Despite its similarities to ordinary Portland (Type I) cement in terms of fineness and setting times, its early strength is lower, though it achieves comparable strength later on. It's particularly suited for mass concrete structures and marine environments due to its lower heat of hydration and superior sulfate...
165
Types of Cement I01:21

Types of Cement I

181
Portland cement comes in several types, each with distinct properties and applications based on their chemical composition and hydration characteristics:
Type I (Ordinary Portland Cement) is widely used for general construction where special properties are not required. It has moderate sulfate resistance and heat of hydration.
Type II (Modified Cement) offers moderate resistance to sulfate attack and a lower rate of heat development compared to Type I. It is suitable for structures in...
181
Strength and Heat of Hydration01:29

Strength and Heat of Hydration

312
The hydration of cement is an exothermic reaction in which heat is generated as cement hydrates. This heat of hydration is critical to cement's strength development. The rate at which this heat is generated affects the temperature rise, with a majority of the heat being released early in the hydration process, half within the first three days, and about 75% within the first week.
The heat of hydration for each cement compound is significant; for instance, tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and...
312
Portland Cement01:21

Portland Cement

294
Portland cement is the essential binding ingredient in concrete, made from finely ground materials including lime, iron, silica, and alumina. Lime is derived primarily from limestone, marble, marl, seashells, and clays, which also supply iron and alumina, while silica is sourced from sand, chalk, and bauxite. Contemporary manufacturing of Portland cement is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, prompting research into reducing its content in concrete through alternative...
294
Acid Attack on Concrete01:21

Acid Attack on Concrete

317
When acids come into contact with concrete, they initiate a chemical reaction that dissolves the hydrated cement paste. This process leads to softening and structural weakening of the concrete. This issue is commonly observed in environments such as chimneys, sewers, and industrial settings. The severity of the damage increases as the pH of the water interacting with the concrete drops below 6.5. In particular, a pH under 4.5 can cause significant concrete damage.
The rate at which hydrogen...
317

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Photoactive Cements: A Review.

Dominika Dudek1, Magdalena Janus1

  • 1Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, al. Piastów 50, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reviews modified cements with photocatalytic activity, detailing three main preparation methods: bulk incorporation, thin-layer application, and thick-layer coatings. These photoactive cements offer promising applications in construction.

Keywords:
cementcementitious compositesmechanical propertiesphotocatalytic activity

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Traditional cements have limited environmental remediation capabilities.
  • Photocatalytic materials, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), can degrade pollutants and self-clean surfaces.
  • Integrating photocatalytic properties into cementitious materials offers innovative solutions for sustainable construction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a concise overview of modified cements exhibiting photocatalytic activity.
  • To present the primary methods for creating photoactive cementitious composites.
  • To discuss the characterization, applications, and future prospects of these advanced materials.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of photocatalysts (e.g., TiO2) into the bulk cement matrix.
  • Application of thin layers of photoactive materials (paints, suspensions) onto cement surfaces.
  • Creation of cement mortars with a thick layer of photoactive concrete.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct approaches for producing photoactive cements are identified and described.
  • Methods for assessing the photocatalytic performance, mechanical strength, and physicochemical properties are outlined.
  • Successful implementation in construction projects and potential for future development are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Modified cements with photocatalytic activity can be prepared through various techniques, offering enhanced functionality.
  • These materials demonstrate potential for environmental benefits and improved building performance.
  • Further research and development are expected to expand the use of photoactive cements in sustainable infrastructure.