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Virus-like Particles: Fundamentals and Biomedical Applications.
Jorge L Mejía-Méndez1, Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt2, Luis R Hernández1
1Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Santa Catarina Mártir s/n, Cholula 72810, Puebla, Mexico.
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are versatile nanoparticles engineered from viruses for diverse biomedical uses, including drug delivery and vaccines. Their therapeutic potential varies based on viral origin and VLP characteristics.
Area of Science:
- Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine
- Virology and Structural Biology
- Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Engineering
Background:
- Nanotechnology enables the creation of nanoscale materials for various applications.
- Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembling nanoparticles derived from viruses, possessing unique structural properties.
- VLPs are explored for applications in vaccines, imaging, nanobioreactors, cancer therapy, and drug/gene delivery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the fundamentals of virus-like particles (VLPs) and their biomedical applications.
- To provide an overview of VLP production, structural characteristics, functionalization, and characterization.
- To consolidate recent scientific literature on VLPs for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search across scientific databases.
- Analysis of VLP production methods in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell lines.
- Review of VLP structural classification, morphology, surface functionalization, and characterization techniques.
Main Results:
- VLPs offer a versatile platform for biomedical applications due to their ordered structure and capacity to encapsulate cargo.
- VLP therapeutic performance is influenced by the intrinsic features of the parent virus.
- Various methods exist for VLP production, surface modification, and characterization.
Conclusions:
- VLPs represent a promising class of nanomaterials with significant potential in nanomedicine.
- Understanding VLP fundamentals, production, and characterization is crucial for optimizing their therapeutic efficacy.
- Further research into VLP engineering and application is warranted to fully harness their capabilities.
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