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Protective Effects of Recombinant Human Angiogenin in Keratinocytes: New Insights on Oxidative Stress Response
Rosanna Culurciello1,2, Andrea Bosso1, Romualdo Troisi3
1Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
Abstract:
Human angiogenin (ANG) is a 14-kDa ribonuclease involved in different pathophysiological processes including tumorigenesis, neuroprotection, inflammation, innate immunity, reproduction, the regeneration of damaged tissues and stress cell response, depending on its intracellular localization. Under physiological conditions, ANG moves to the cell nucleus where it enhances rRNA transcription; conversely, recent reports indicate that under stress conditions, ANG accumulates in the cytoplasmic compartment and modulates the production of tiRNAs, a novel class of small RNAs that contribute to the translational inhibition and recruitment of stress granules (SGs). To date, there is still limited and controversial experimental evidence relating to a hypothetical role of ANG in the epidermis, the outermost layer of human skin, which is continually exposed to external stressors. The present study collects compelling evidence that endogenous ANG is able to modify its subcellular localization on HaCaT cells, depending on different cellular stresses. Furthermore, the use of recombinant ANG allowed to determine as this special enzyme is effectively able to counter at various levels the alterations of cellular homeostasis in HaCaT cells, actually opening a new vision on the possible functions that this special enzyme can support also in the stress response of human skin.
Insights
Human angiogenin (ANG) shifts location within skin cells under stress, aiding cellular repair. This ribonuclease enzyme shows promise in understanding and treating skin stress responses.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cell Biology
- Dermatology
Background:
- Human angiogenin (ANG) is a ribonuclease with diverse roles, including stress response.
- ANG's localization (nucleus vs. cytoplasm) influences its function, affecting rRNA transcription or tiRNA production and stress granules.
- Evidence for ANG's role in the human epidermis under stress is limited and controversial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role and subcellular localization of endogenous ANG in HaCaT cells under various stress conditions.
- To evaluate the effects of recombinant ANG on cellular homeostasis and stress response in HaCaT cells.
Main Methods:
- Utilized HaCaT cells (a human keratinocyte cell line).
- Applied different cellular stresses to observe endogenous ANG localization.
- Introduced recombinant ANG to assess its impact on cellular homeostasis.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated that endogenous ANG alters its subcellular localization in HaCaT cells in response to different cellular stresses.
- Showed that recombinant ANG effectively counteracts cellular homeostasis alterations caused by stress.
- Provided evidence for ANG's role in the stress response of human skin cells.
Conclusions:
- Endogenous ANG exhibits stress-dependent subcellular localization in epidermal cells (HaCaT).
- Recombinant ANG demonstrates a protective role against cellular stress, modulating homeostasis.
- ANG presents a novel therapeutic target for managing skin stress responses.
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