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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

1.4K
There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
1.4K
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

504
Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
504
Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview

2.9K
Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for...
2.9K
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

1.5K
The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
1.5K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

581
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
581
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

2.2K
When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
2.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 1, 2025

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
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Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

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Optical Design of a Novel Wide-Field-of-View Space-Based Spectrometer for Climate Monitoring.

Luca Schifano1,2, Francis Berghmans1,3, Steven Dewitte4

  • 1Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A new near-infrared imaging spectrometer uses freeform optics to detect water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane. This compact instrument on a small satellite will enhance global climate change monitoring capabilities.

Keywords:
climate changefreeform opticsgreenhouse gasesspace instrumentationspectrometertelescopewide field of view

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Area of Science:

  • Earth and Space Science
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Optical Engineering

Background:

  • Greenhouse gases significantly impact Earth's climate.
  • Accurate monitoring of atmospheric composition is crucial for climate change studies.
  • Existing technologies face limitations in terms of size, field-of-view, and spatial resolution for satellite-based monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel near-infrared imaging spectrometer for simultaneous detection of key greenhouse gases.
  • To leverage freeform optics for superior performance in a compact design.
  • To enable enhanced climate change monitoring from a small satellite platform.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a near-infrared imaging spectrometer utilizing advanced freeform optics.
  • Integration of the spectrometer onto a small satellite for Earth observation.
  • Design optimized for a wide field-of-view (120°) and high spatial resolution (2.6 km at nadir).

Main Results:

  • The spectrometer effectively senses three major greenhouse gases: water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane.
  • The freeform optical design achieves state-of-the-art compactness, field-of-view, and spatial resolution.
  • The system is designed for deployment on a 700 km orbiting small satellite.

Conclusions:

  • The developed near-infrared imaging spectrometer represents a significant advancement in greenhouse gas sensing technology.
  • Its compact and high-performance design is suitable for small satellite missions.
  • This technology promises to improve the accuracy and scope of global climate change monitoring.