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Updated: Sep 1, 2025

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion
Published on: November 10, 2023
Management of Empyema Thoracis in Low-Resource Settings
Abebe Bekele1, Barnabas Tobi Alayande2
1University of Global Health Equity Kigali Heights, Plot 772, KG 7 Avenue, 5th floor, PO Box 6955, Kigali, Rwanda; Addis Ababa University, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Abstract:
Most cases of empyema thoracis are sequelae of severe pneumonia, but chest trauma and complications of chest tube insertion as cause are not uncommon in low-resource settings. Diagnosis is usually delayed due to delayed presentation to health care facilities, low index of suspicion among health care professionals, and inability to properly stage the disease with the available diagnostic tools. Early use of antibiotics and appropriate-sized and well-placed chest tube drainage is associated with good outcomes at a decreased cost. Surgical management of empyema thoracis is indicated when chest tube drainage and antibiotic treatment fail to achieve complete resolution.
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