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Integrating eco-evolutionary dynamics and modern coexistence theory.

Masato Yamamichi1,2, Theo Gibbs3, Jonathan M Levine4

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Ecology Letters
|August 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Rapid evolution can allow species to coexist, challenging traditional ecological assumptions. This study introduces eco-evolutionary metrics to quantify evolution's role in species coexistence and competitive outcomes.

Keywords:
Chesson's coexistence theoryLotka-Volterra competition modelcompetitive ability differencedensity-dependent selectioneco-evolutionary dynamicseco-evolutionary feedbacksneighbour-dependent selectionpopulation cyclesrapid evolutionstabilising niche difference

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Theoretical Ecology

Background:

  • Traditional community ecology often overlooks rapid evolution's impact on species coexistence.
  • Emerging research indicates that concurrent evolution and competition can facilitate species coexistence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop general theory integrating eco-evolutionary processes with ecological mechanisms for species coexistence.
  • To define and quantify eco-evolutionary metrics for niche and competitive ability differences.
  • To bridge theoretical frameworks and empirical assessments of rapid evolution in community ecology.

Main Methods:

  • Extended modern coexistence theory metrics (niche and competitive ability differences) to evolving competitors.
  • Defined eco-evolutionary versions of these metrics by modeling adaptation to competitors.
  • Validated the metrics against existing theoretical studies of eco-evolutionary dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Eco-evolutionary niche and competitive ability differences are composites of ecological and evolutionary processes.
  • These novel metrics accurately predict stable coexistence in theoretical models.
  • The developed theory aligns with and frames recent empirical findings on rapid evolution and coexistence.

Conclusions:

  • Rapid evolution plays a crucial role in shaping species coexistence beyond purely ecological factors.
  • The new eco-evolutionary metrics provide a quantitative framework for studying competition and coexistence.
  • Enhanced integration of empirical and theoretical work in eco-evolutionary dynamics is essential.