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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 1, 2025

An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing
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Processing speed mediates the relationship between brain structure and semantic fluency in aging.

Zude Zhu1, Jia Deng2, Mengya Li2

  • 1School of Liberal Arts, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China; School of Linguistic Sciences and Arts, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221009, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Language Ability, Xuzhou 221009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Language and Cognitive Neuroscience, Xuzhou 221009, China.

Neuroscience Letters
|August 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive decline in older adults is linked to reduced brain gray and white matter. Processing speed fully explains how these brain changes impact semantic fluency, offering insights into cognitive aging.

Keywords:
AgingBrain structureMediationProcessing speedSemantic fluency

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Age-related cognitive decline affects semantic fluency.
  • Brain structure and processing speed are implicated in cognitive aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between brain structure, processing speed, and age-related changes in semantic fluency.
  • To determine the mediating role of processing speed in the effects of brain structure on semantic fluency.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to assess white matter integrity.
  • Gray matter volume analysis using neuroimaging techniques.
  • Semantic fluency and digit symbol tests to measure cognitive performance in younger and older adults.

Main Results:

  • Reduced gray matter volume in fronto-temporal regions correlated with age-related semantic fluency decline.
  • Decreased white matter integrity in connecting brain tracts also associated with semantic fluency decline.
  • Processing speed fully mediated the negative impact of reduced gray and white matter on semantic fluency.

Conclusions:

  • Processing speed is a critical factor in age-related semantic fluency decline.
  • Findings support the processing speed theory of cognitive aging.
  • Results offer potential targets for interventions to mitigate cognitive decline.