Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

1.2K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
1.2K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

3.4K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
3.4K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.4K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.4K
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

646
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
646
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

70.4K
Overview
70.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Imaging the hallmarks of cancer.

Nature reviews. Cancer·2026
Same author

Circulating tumor cell-derived lines exhibit an amoeboid mode of migration.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Corrigendum: Soft Matter Physics Meets Cell Biology: Transitions of Collective Cell Migration in 3D Environments.

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology·2026
Same author

Cross-disciplinary methodologies for whole-person research - insights from EMPOWER2024.

Npj imaging·2026
Same author

From 2D cultures to 3D systems: evolving cancer models at the interface of functional precision medicine and theranostics.

Theranostics·2026
Same author

Glycocalyx micro- and nanodomains in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions revealed by enhanced click chemistry.

Nature communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 1, 2025

Quantitative High-throughput Single-cell Cytotoxicity Assay For T Cells
09:28

Quantitative High-throughput Single-cell Cytotoxicity Assay For T Cells

Published on: February 2, 2013

15.2K

T cell-mediated additive cytotoxicity - death by multiple bullets.

Bettina Weigelin1, Peter Friedl2

  • 1Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Trends in Cancer
|August 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) kill solid tumor cells through "swarming" and cumulative sublethal damage, not single hits. This research explores additive cytotoxicity for enhanced cancer immunotherapies.

Keywords:
apoptosiscell damagecell stresscytotoxic T cellsimmunotherapy

More Related Videos

Methods to Assess Beta Cell Death Mediated by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
12:12

Methods to Assess Beta Cell Death Mediated by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

Published on: June 16, 2011

13.6K
Droplet-based Cytotoxicity Assay to Assess Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells at the Single-cell Level
08:09

Droplet-based Cytotoxicity Assay to Assess Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells at the Single-cell Level

Published on: March 14, 2025

1.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 1, 2025

Quantitative High-throughput Single-cell Cytotoxicity Assay For T Cells
09:28

Quantitative High-throughput Single-cell Cytotoxicity Assay For T Cells

Published on: February 2, 2013

15.2K
Methods to Assess Beta Cell Death Mediated by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
12:12

Methods to Assess Beta Cell Death Mediated by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

Published on: June 16, 2011

13.6K
Droplet-based Cytotoxicity Assay to Assess Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells at the Single-cell Level
08:09

Droplet-based Cytotoxicity Assay to Assess Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells at the Single-cell Level

Published on: March 14, 2025

1.1K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Immune effector cells like cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) eliminate target cells via direct cell-cell interactions.
  • In solid tumors, individual CTL contacts are insufficient; efficient killing relies on multihit interactions (swarming).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize sublethal damage events induced by CTL swarming.
  • To discuss the concept of additive cytotoxicity in cancer therapy.
  • To explore implications for improving cancer immunotherapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent evidence on CTL-target cell interactions.
  • Analysis of sublethal damage mechanisms (perforin, ROS, DNA damage).
  • Conceptual synthesis of additive cytotoxicity.

Main Results:

  • Multihit CTL interactions induce sequential sublethal damage in target cells.
  • Accumulated sublethal damage, rather than individual hits, leads to target cell death.
  • This process involves perforin-mediated membrane damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction, nuclear envelope rupture, and DNA damage.

Conclusions:

  • Sublethal damage and additive cytotoxicity are key mechanisms in CTL-mediated tumor cell killing.
  • Understanding these concepts can guide the development of improved immunotherapies and multitargeted anticancer treatments.