Simultaneous electroencephalography-functional magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of human brain function

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Medical Imaging
• Biophysics

Background:

• Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) are established neuroimaging techniques.
• EEG offers high temporal resolution, while fMRI provides high spatial resolution.
• Integrating EEG and fMRI into a hybrid EEG-fMRI system combines their strengths for comprehensive brain activity analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review methodologies for simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings.
• To explore artifact removal and statistical analysis techniques for EEG-fMRI data.
• To discuss the application and potential of EEG-fMRI in understanding brain connectivity and networks.

Main Methods:

• Focus on techniques for recording EEG within an MRI scanner.
• Detail methods for removing artifacts from simultaneous EEG-fMRI data.
• Describe statistical analysis approaches for fMRI signals in conjunction with EEG.

Main Results:

• Simultaneous EEG-fMRI provides complementary information on brain neural networks and functions.
• The review covers both resting-state and task-based EEG-fMRI studies.
• Advanced methods aid in characterizing the structure and dynamics of brain networks.

Conclusions:

• EEG-fMRI is a powerful tool for investigating brain connectivity and function with improved spatial and temporal resolution.
• The hybrid modality offers significant clinical and technological perspectives for neuroscience research.
• Further advancements in EEG-fMRI methodologies will deepen our understanding of complex brain networks.