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Related Concept Videos

Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

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Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
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Diversity of Protists II01:27

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Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
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Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

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Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 1, 2025

CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing to Make Conditional Mutants of Human Malaria Parasite P. falciparum
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Malaria Falciparum: Relapse After a Decade.

Shriya Doreswamy1, Hussein Al Sudani1

  • 1Internal Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Montgomery, East Norriton, USA.

Cureus
|August 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A rare case of relapsed malaria occurred 10 years after initial treatment in a traveler returning to the US. This highlights the potential for dormant Plasmodium malaria parasites to cause late-stage infections without re-exposure.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Tropical Medicine
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, remains a global health concern.
  • While preventable and treatable, imported malaria cases occur annually in non-endemic regions like the United States.
  • Transmission routes include mosquito bites, blood products, and vertical transmission.

Observation:

  • A 31-year-old female presented with symptoms of abdominal pain, fever, and headache.
  • She had a history of treated malaria from Liberia ten years prior.
  • No risk factors for re-infection or typical relapse were identified.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with a Plasmodium malaria infection relapse.
  • Treatment involved a 14-day course of primaquine (300 mg daily).
Keywords:
delayedfalciparum malariamalariareactivationrelapse

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  • Symptoms resolved within days of commencing treatment.

    • Implications:

    • This case underscores the possibility of long-term dormancy of Plasmodium malaria parasites.
    • It highlights the importance of considering malaria relapse in travelers with a remote history, even years later.
    • Further research into the mechanisms of dormant parasite evasion and late relapse is warranted.