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Extrauterine growth restriction in preterm infants: Postnatal growth pattern and physical development outcomes at age

Siyuan Lan1, Huanhuan Fu1, Rui Zhang2

  • 1Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|August 15, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) in preterm infants, particularly on head circumference and height at discharge, is linked to later growth problems. Monitoring these factors is crucial for long-term infant health outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Growth and Development
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Preterm infants face risks of extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR).
  • Understanding long-term growth outcomes associated with EUGR is essential for clinical practice.
  • Early identification of growth deviations can inform timely interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate postnatal growth trajectories in preterm infants.
  • To assess the association between EUGR at discharge and physical growth at 3-6 years.
  • To identify specific EUGR metrics linked to adverse growth outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 527 preterm infants.
  • Data collection on neonatal complications, nutrition, and anthropometrics at birth and discharge.
  • Telephone follow-up at 3-6 years to assess height, weight, and growth outcomes (overweight/obesity, short stature, thinness).

Main Results:

  • Preterm infants showed improved growth trajectories postnatally.
  • Longitudinal EUGR of head circumference was a risk factor for overweight/obesity.
  • Cross-sectional EUGR of height at discharge predicted short stature.
  • Delayed enteral nutrition (EN) was associated with thinness.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm infant growth trajectories tend towards normalization.
  • EUGR, specifically on head circumference and height at discharge, predicts adverse physical growth outcomes.
  • Early growth monitoring and management are critical for preterm infants.
Abstract

Keywords:
extrauterine growth restrictiongrowth patternobesitypreterm infantsshort staturethinness

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