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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

18.6K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Stable Aqueous Suspensions of Manganese Ferrite Clusters with Tunable Nanoscale Dimension and Composition
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Constructing "Closed" and "Open" {Mn8} Clusters.

Thomais G Tziotzi1, Athanasios Mavromagoulos2, Mark Murrie2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The University of Crete, Voutes, Herakleion 71003, Greece.

Crystal Growth & Design
|August 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The 1,3,5-tri(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane ligand directs the formation of two manganese clusters, a wheel and a rod, with distinct structures and magnetic properties. These manganese clusters showcase self-assembly influenced by anions and coligands.

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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Manganese clusters are of interest for their complex structures and magnetic properties.
  • Ligand design is crucial for controlling the self-assembly of metal clusters.
  • The Jahn-Teller effect in Mn(III) ions influences coordination preferences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel manganese clusters using a specific triaza ligand.
  • To investigate the influence of anions and coligands on cluster architecture.
  • To study the magnetic properties of the resulting manganese complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of two manganese clusters, {Mn8} puckered square wheel (1) and {Mn8} rod (2), using 1,3,5-tri(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane ligand.
  • Structural characterization of the clusters.
  • Magnetic susceptibility and magnetization measurements.

Main Results:

  • Two structurally distinct {Mn8} clusters were obtained: a wheel-like {MnIII6MnII2} cluster (1) and a rod-like {MnIII8} cluster (2).
  • The triaza ligand directed the formation of {Mn3} triangles, with nitrogen atoms bonding to Jahn-Teller axes of Mn(III) ions.
  • Cluster assembly was controlled by the counter-anion (bromide vs. nitrate) and the coligand (imidazole vs. 2-amino-isobutyric acid).
  • Both clusters exhibited competing ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions, with weaker exchange in cluster 1.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of anion and coligand significantly influences the self-assembly of manganese clusters.
  • The 1,3,5-tri(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane ligand is effective in forming {Mn3} triangles that can assemble into different architectures.
  • The resulting manganese clusters display complex magnetic behaviors arising from competing magnetic interactions.