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Tree-ring oxygen isotopes record a decrease in Amazon dry season rainfall over the past 40 years.

Bruno B L Cintra1,2, Manuel Gloor1, Arnoud Boom3

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|August 16, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Amazon tree rings reveal a significant drying trend over the past four decades, with dry season rainfall decreasing by up to 30%. This drying is linked to a warming Tropical North Atlantic Ocean.

Keywords:
Amazon floodplainsClimate changeMacrolobium acaciifoliumOxygen isotopes

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Area of Science:

  • Climatology
  • Paleoclimatology
  • Hydrology

Background:

  • Recent decades show a longer, drier dry season in the Amazon, but causes are debated.
  • Existing climate data suggest potential intensification of the Amazon dry season.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconstruct past Amazon climate changes using tree ring isotope data.
  • To investigate the causes of observed changes in the Amazon dry season.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of oxygen isotope ratios in tree rings (δ18O_TR) from western Amazon floodplain trees.
  • Application of a Rayleigh rainout model to relate isotope data to precipitation.
  • Correlation of tree ring data with sea surface temperatures.

Main Results:

  • δ18O_TR shows a negative relationship with dry season precipitation, consistent with the Rayleigh model.
  • A ~2‰ increase in δ18O_TR from ~1970-2014 indicates an Amazon drying trend.
  • Estimated basin-wide dry season rainfall decrease of up to 30% over the last four decades.
  • The δ18O_TR record suggests the current drying trend may not be unprecedented over the past 80 years.

Conclusions:

  • Tree ring isotopes provide independent evidence of Amazon drying, corroborating and extending instrumental records.
  • A warming Tropical North Atlantic Ocean is identified as a key driver of the observed drying trend and increased δ18O_TR.