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COVID-19 vaccine reactions varied by vaccine type and regimen. mRNA vaccines like BioNTech/Pfizer showed lower self-reported reactions compared to viral vector vaccines, especially after the first dose.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • COVID-19 vaccination data, including self-reported vaccination reactions (SRVR), are centrally registered in Rhineland-Palatinate.
  • Analysis focuses on SRVR occurrences between December 2020 and December 2021.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the occurrence of SRVR in relation to different COVID-19 vaccine types and vaccination regimens.
  • To compare reactogenicity between mRNA vaccines (BioNTech/Pfizer, Moderna) and viral vector vaccines (AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson).

Main Methods:

  • Sex-specific logistic regression models were used to analyze local and systemic SRVR.
  • Vaccination regimens included BNT/BNT, ChAd/ChAd, m1273/m1273, ChAd/BNT, and ChAd/m1273.
  • BioNTech/Pfizer (BNT) or the BNT/BNT regimen served as the reference category.

Main Results:

  • 887,052 individuals were analyzed; median age was 60, 58% were women.
  • Most common SRVR were injection site pain and fatigue.
  • Self-reported reactogenicity was lowest for BNT after the first dose and highest for Moderna (m1273) after the second dose. Viral vector vaccines showed higher systemic reactions.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 vaccine tolerability is generally acceptable.
  • Significant differences in self-reported reactogenicity exist based on vaccine type and vaccination regimen.