Developing an implementation research logic model: using a multiple case study design to establish a worked exemplar.

Area of Science:

• Implementation Science
• Program Evaluation
• Health Services Research

Background:

• Implementation science frameworks guide the evaluation of implementation processes.
• The Implementation Research Logic Model (IRLM) aids in developing causal pathways for implementation.
• The IRLM's cross-site synthesis utility is under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

• Develop an IRLM from an implementation research case study.
• Demonstrate the IRLM's utility for synthesizing findings across multiple case sites.

Main Methods:

• Case study methodology with purposive sampling and replication logic.
• Data collection via interviews, document review, observations, and surveys (Program Sustainability Assessment Tool).
• Framework analysis to produce individual and cross-case IRLMs.

Main Results:

• The IRLM was integrated into data collection, analysis, and reporting.
• 33-44 determinants and 36-44 implementation strategies were identified per site.
• Cross-case synthesis revealed similarities in determinants and strategy mechanisms, despite varied strategies.

Conclusions:

• Case study methods support implementation research priorities like causal pathways.
• Embedding the IRLM enhanced study structure, transparency, and replicability.
• Cross-site synthesis using the IRLM provides generalizable insights into implementation processes.