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Updated: Sep 1, 2025
A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
Published on: July 5, 2022
NUTRITIONAL HABITS, COMPLIANCE WITH HEALTHY DIET AND INSULIN THERAPY, DEPRESSION AND FAMILY FUNCTIONALITY IN CHILDREN
S B Koca1, A Bükülmez2, A T Oflu2
1Health Sciences University, Kayseri City Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kayseri, Ankara, Turkey.
Insights
Pandemic life changes impacted glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes. Motivation and mood significantly affected HbA1c levels, highlighting the need for supportive interventions.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Endocrinology
- Psychology
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic introduced significant life changes impacting chronic disease management.
- Understanding these changes' effects on pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D) is crucial for maintaining glycemic control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the pandemic's impact on glycemic control in children with T1D.
- To assess the influence of family functionality, nutrition, treatment adherence, and depression on T1D management during this period.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional clinical and laboratory study involving 66 children (aged 5-18) with T1D.
- Utilized validated scales: Family APGAR, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-6), Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED), and Children Depression Inventory (CDI).
Main Results:
- Mean HbA1c increased significantly during the pandemic's first year (8.5% to 8.9%).
- High family functionality (89.4%), motivation (90.9%), adherence knowledge (97%), healthy eating (92.4%), and low depression (95.5%) were observed.
- Positive correlation found between HbA1c and depression (CDI scores), and negative correlation with adherence motivation (MMAS-6).
Conclusions:
- Motivation and mood significantly influence glycemic control in children with T1D.
- Pandemic-related psychological factors require attention in managing pediatric T1D.
Context:
The relationship between life changes and glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes during the pandemic period was examined.
Objective:
We aimed to investigate the effect of the pandemic period on 66 children (aged 5-18 years) with type 1 diabetes using scales evaluating family functionality, nutritional habits, adherence to treatment and depression status.
Design:
It is a cross-sectional clinical and laboratory study using certain scales for its descriptive features.
Subjects And Methods:
Demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, laboratory investigations were evaluated. Family functionality of the patients were evaluated with Smilkstein's family APGAR scale, motivation and knowledge levels were evaluated with the 6-item Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-6), nutritional habits were evaluated with the Mediterranean diet quality index (KIDMED), and depression status was evaluated with the children depression inventory (CDI).
Results:
The mean HbA1c level increased significantly in the first year of the pandemic compared to the onset of the pandemic period (8.5% vs. 8.9%, p: 0.003). In the responses to these scales, children with diabetes have high family functionality (89.4%), high motivation (90.9%) and high knowledge level about adherence to treatment (97%). Furthermore, healthy eating habits (high KIDMED index scores 92.4%), and low degree of depression score (95.5%) have been observed. We detected a statistically significant positive correlation between HbA1c and CDI scores (r: 0.27; p: 0.02), and a negative correlation between HbA1c and MMAS-6 motivation score (r: -0.30; p: 0.01).
Conclusions:
In this study, the effect of motivation and mood changes on glycemic control was more clearly demonstrated.
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