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Using a daily diary for monitoring intrusive memories of trauma: A translational data synthesis study exploring
Laura Singh1,2, Sara Ahmed Pihlgren1, Emily A Holmes1,3
1Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Objective:
Intrusive memories are a core feature of posttraumatic stress disorder and have transdiagnostic relevance across mental disorders. Establishing flexible methods to monitor intrusions, including patterns and characteristics, is a key challenge. A daily diary has been developed in experimental settings to provide symptom count data, without the need for retrospective self-report over extended time periods (e.g., 1 week, 1 month). We conducted an exploratory, pre-registered data synthesis investigating convergence between the diary and questionnaire measures of intrusive symptoms long used in clinical practice (Impact of Event Scale, IES, and revised version, IES-R, Intrusion subscale).
Results:
Utilising datasets using the daily diary from 11 studies (4 real-world trauma studies, seven analogue trauma studies; total N = 578), we found significant positive associations between the diary and IES/IES-R Intrusion subscale. Exploratory analyses indicated that the magnitude of this association was stronger for the IES (vs. the IES-R), and in individuals with real-world (vs. analogue) trauma.
Conclusion:
This study provides first evidence of convergent validity of a daily diary for monitoring intrusions with a widely used questionnaire. A diary may be a more flexible methodology to obtain information about intrusions (frequency, characteristics, triggers, content), relative to questionnaires which rely on retrospective reporting of symptoms over extended timeframes. We discuss potential benefits of daily monitoring of intrusions in clinical and research contexts.
