Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 1, 2025
10:39
3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
Published on: June 2, 2014
18.3K
Clinical Reasoning: A 51-Year-Old Woman With Diplopia and Headache
Gaurav Kathuria1, Brandi Baker1, Bruce Braffman1
1From the Neuroscience Institute (G.K., Brandi Baker, A.M.S.), Memorial Healthcare System; and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (Bruce Braffman), Memorial Regional Hospital, Hollywood, FL.
Neurology
|August 17, 2022
Summary
A patient
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Neurology
- Radiology
Background:
- Diplopia and orbital apex syndrome present diagnostic challenges.
- Accurate localization is crucial for effective management of orbital disorders.
Observation:
- A 51-year-old woman experienced headache and horizontal diplopia.
- Examination revealed isolated horizontal gaze palsy in the right eye.
- Oculomotor function deficits were unresponsive to the oculocephalic reflex.
Findings:
- Initial imaging suggested optic neuritis.
- Radiological review identified a diffuse enhancing orbital apex infiltrate.
- The findings confirmed an orbital inflammatory process.
Implications:
- This case highlights the importance of a thorough physical examination in diagnosing orbital apex syndrome.
- Relying solely on initial imaging can lead to misdiagnosis.
- A systematic approach to diplopia localization aids in differential diagnosis of orbital diseases.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Glaucoma: Overview
704
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
704
01:24Prosopagnosia
240
Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
240
01:17Accessory Structures of the Eye
1.8K
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
1.8K
01:15Equilibrium and Balance
5.0K
The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
5.0K
01:28Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment
632
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
632
01:22Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
6.4K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
6.4K