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Updated: Sep 1, 2025

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners
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Obesity in HIV infection: host-pathogen interaction.

Stefano Savinelli1,2, Neil E Wrigley Kelly1,2, Eoin R Feeney1,2

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AIDS (London, England)
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Summary

Obesity is increasingly common in people with HIV (PWH), sharing inflammatory pathways with HIV infection. Further research is needed to understand how immune dysregulation impacts metabolic complications in PWH.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Obesity and HIV infection are linked to chronic inflammation, increasing disease severity and mortality.
  • Immune dysregulation is a common feature in both obesity and HIV infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on immune dysregulation in obesity and in people with HIV infection (PWH).
  • To assess the impact of obesity on immune function in PWH.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted.
  • Searches included PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and conference abstracts focusing on obesity epidemiology and pathogenesis in PWH.

Main Results:

  • Obesity prevalence is rising in PWH, with antiretroviral therapy (ART) playing a role.
  • Obesity-related inflammation involves adipose tissue immune dysfunction, T-cell and macrophage alterations, and increased pro-inflammatory markers.
  • Shared immune dysregulation patterns exist between obesity and HIV, but human studies on adipose tissue inflammation in HIV are limited.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity is an emerging comorbidity in PWH with overlapping immune dysregulation.
  • Further investigation is required to understand the impact of immune dysfunction on metabolic complications and the potential benefits of targeting adipose tissue inflammation in PWH.