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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 1, 2025

Bioassays for Monitoring Insecticide Resistance
06:30

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Using Surrogate Insects in Acid Bioassays for Development of New Controls for Varroa destructor (Arachnida:

Julia J Vieira1, Casey L Johnson1, Elizabeth M Varkonyi1

  • 1Department of Plant Sciences and Entomology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.

Journal of Economic Entomology
|August 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

New controls for Varroa mites are needed due to resistance. Researchers found that easily reared insects can be used to test acaricides, simplifying the development of new Varroa destructor treatments.

Keywords:
Apis mellifera LVarroa destructorhoney beevarroa control

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Entomology
  • Pest Management

Background:

  • Varroa destructor mite infestations pose a significant threat to honey bee colonies.
  • Existing synthetic acaricides face resistance, and organic acids have limitations.
  • The difficulty in culturing Varroa mites hinders the development of new control agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify suitable insect surrogates for Varroa destructor in bioassays.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of common organic acids against potential surrogate species.
  • To inform the development of novel acaricides for Varroa mite control.

Main Methods:

  • Bioassays were conducted using acetic, lactic, formic, and oxalic acids at various concentrations.
  • Toxicity was assessed on two beetle species (Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Alphitobius diaperinus), greater wax moth larvae (Galleria mellonella), and Varroa destructor.
  • Natural volatility (non-heated) was employed to simulate potential application methods.

Main Results:

  • Formic acid and acetic acid demonstrated 100% mortality across all tested species at a 50% concentration.
  • Assay results were consistent among the tested species, indicating their potential as surrogates.
  • Insights into effective application methods (vaporization vs. contact) were gained.

Conclusions:

  • Easily culturable insect species can serve as effective surrogates for Varroa destructor in preliminary acaricide testing.
  • This approach can streamline the screening process for new Varroa control strategies.
  • Further research can utilize these surrogates to accelerate the discovery of novel ectoparasite treatments.