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Updated: Aug 31, 2025
06:09
Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
Published on: March 12, 2021
3.2K
A 3-Dimensional Classification for Degenerative Glenohumeral Arthritis Based on Humeroscapular Alignment
Benjamin D Kleim1, Maximilian Hinz1, Stephanie Geyer1
1Department of Sports Orthopaedics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
|August 19, 2022
Summary
Degenerative arthritis of the shoulder (DAS) often shows biplanar eccentricity, not captured by current classifications. A new 3D system using humeroscapular alignment and glenoid erosion offers a comprehensive description.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Radiology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Current classifications for degenerative arthritis of the shoulder (DAS) focus on single-plane (coronal or cross-sectional) abnormalities.
- Existing models do not account for biplanar (two-plane) eccentric alignment of the humeroscapular joint.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate humeroscapular alignment (HSA) in both anteroposterior (A-P) and superoinferior (S-I) planes using 3D CT reconstructions in patients with DAS.
- To develop a novel classification system for DAS based on biplanar HSA, hypothesizing frequent occurrence of biplanar eccentricity.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 130 CT scans from patients who underwent shoulder arthroplasty.
- 3D reconstruction to align glenoid center, trigonum, and inferior scapular angle.
- Measurement of HSA subluxation (distance from humeral head center to scapular axis) in A-P and S-I planes, expressed as a percentage of humeral head radius.
Main Results:
- Significant posterior (74.1%) and superior (68.6%) subluxation of HSA were observed.
- A new 9-quadrant classification based on biplanar HSA revealed high prevalence of eccentricity, with only 21/130 patients showing central-central alignment.
- Specific findings included 40 centrosuperior alignments and numerous posterior subluxations (e.g., 25 posteruperior).
Conclusions:
- Biplanar eccentricity is highly prevalent in degenerative arthritis of the shoulder (DAS).
- A 3D classification system integrating humeroscapular alignment and glenoid erosion provides a comprehensive method for describing DAS.
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