Changes in intestinal microbiota of HBV-associated liver cirrhosis with/without hepatic encephalopathy

The compositional balance of intestinal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the intestinal flora of hepatitis B virus-associated liver cirrhosis (HBV-LC) with or without hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and how it relates to the disease. A total of 20 patients with HBV-LC were enrolled in this study, along with 10 healthy adults. The participants were divided into HE group, non-HE group, and control group. Fecal samples were collected under the condition of patients' daily diet, and the 16S rRNA test was performed for each fecal sample. The relative abundance of Bacteroidia, Streptococcaceae, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Bacteroidales, Lactobacillales, Pasteurellales, and Veillonella parvula increased in the HBV-LC group. Meanwhile, the relative weights of Pasteurellales, Pasteurellaceae, Haemophilus, and Selenomonas significantly increased in the HE group. Furthermore, in the non-HE group, the relative abundance of Veillonella increased. Intestinal microbiota was significantly different from controls with respect to a lack of potentially beneficial autochthonous bacteria and overgrowth of potentially pathogenic genera in patients with HBV-LC. Moreover, there was a greater change in the relative abundance of intestinal flora when complicated with HE.