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Area of Science:

  • Medical Informatics
  • Health Information Technology
  • Patient Safety Research

Background:

  • Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are increasingly prevalent in healthcare, accumulating vast amounts of data.
  • The impact of information overload within EHR systems on patient safety remains under-documented.
  • This review addresses the critical issue of EHR-induced information overload and its effect on patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing literature on the relationship between EHR information overload and patient safety.
  • To identify key factors contributing to information overload in EHR systems.
  • To understand the implications of EHR information overload for clinical practice and patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science databases.
  • Articles were selected based on relevance to EHR information overload, adhering to Transparent Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards.
  • A total of 28 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review.

Main Results:

  • Information overload in EHRs was found to elevate physician cognitive load and increase error rates in simulated clinical scenarios.
  • Key contributing factors identified include an overabundance of clinically irrelevant data, suboptimal data visualization, and excessive system alerts.
  • These factors collectively exacerbate the challenges posed by EHR information overload.

Conclusions:

  • EHR information overload poses a significant risk to patient safety, potentially leading to increased medical errors.
  • Further research is essential to elucidate the precise role of EHRs in adverse patient safety events and to develop effective mitigation strategies.
  • Enhancing EHR usability, with a focus on physician needs, and encouraging federal agencies to promote improved EHR interfaces are recommended actions.