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ChatGPT-3.5 and -4.0 Do Not Reliably Create Readable Patient Education Materials for Common Orthopaedic Upper- and

Ryan S Marder1, George Abdelmalek1, Sean M Richards2

  • 1St. Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, New Jersey, U.S.A.

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ChatGPT-4.0 significantly outperforms ChatGPT-3.5 in generating readable patient education materials for orthopaedic conditions. While ChatGPT-4.0 shows promise, neither AI tool is a reliable substitute for traditional patient education methods currently.

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Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
  • Medical Education Technology
  • Orthopaedic Patient Communication

Background:

  • Patient education materials are crucial for managing orthopaedic conditions.
  • Evaluating the efficacy of AI tools like ChatGPT for generating accessible health information is an emerging area of research.
  • Previous studies have not comprehensively assessed ChatGPT's ability to produce readable orthopaedic patient education content.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the capability of ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4.0 in creating patient education materials for common upper- and lower-extremity orthopaedic conditions.
  • To compare the readability of content generated by ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4.0 using established metrics.
  • To determine if AI-generated content meets acceptable standards for patient understanding.

Main Methods:

  • Two templated questions were posed to ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4.0 regarding 50 upper- and 50 lower-extremity orthopaedic pathologies.
  • Readability scores were calculated using the Textstat Python library, incorporating 8 different readability tests.
  • A consensus reading level was determined by analyzing the results from multiple readability metrics.

Main Results:

  • ChatGPT-4.0 generated content at an appropriate reading level for 54% of conditions, compared to only 2-4% for ChatGPT-3.5 (P < .0001).
  • Following a priming phase, ChatGPT-4.0 achieved 64% viable responses, while ChatGPT-3.5 produced none (P < .0001).
  • ChatGPT-4.0 consistently outperformed ChatGPT-3.5 across all readability metrics evaluated (P < .001).

Conclusions:

  • Current versions of ChatGPT (3.5 and 4.0) are unreliable for creating readable patient education materials for orthopaedic conditions.
  • Significant improvements were noted between ChatGPT-3.5 and -4.0, indicating ongoing AI development.
  • AI tools like ChatGPT should not replace traditional patient education methods but may serve as supplemental resources under provider guidance.