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Behavioral Assessment of Manual Dexterity in Non-Human Primates
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Stone tools improve diet quality in wild monkeys.

Patrícia Izar1, Lucas Peternelli-Dos-Santos1, Jessica M Rothman2

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-030, Brazil.

Current Biology : CB
|August 19, 2022
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Summary

Tool use in monkeys significantly boosted energy intake and improved diet consistency, suggesting early tool use enhanced nutritional security for ancestral humans. This research explores the nutritional ecology of tool use.

Keywords:
foragingmacronutrient balancenon-human traditionnutritional ecologyprimate behaviorprotein prioritization

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Anthropology
  • Nutritional Ecology
  • Primatology

Background:

  • Tool use is a defining characteristic of human evolution, with stone tools appearing in the archaeological record over 3 million years ago.
  • Hypotheses suggest tool use improved hominin foraging efficiency and access to nutrient-rich foods, but direct nutritional analysis in non-human primates is lacking.
  • Understanding the nutritional benefits of tool use in extant species can provide insights into early hominin dietary strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct contribution of tool use to foraging success and diet quality in wild capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinous).
  • To analyze the impact of tooling on energy and macronutrient intake using multi-dimensional nutritional geometry.
  • To explore the relationship between tool use, nutritional security, and potential implications for early hominin evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Employed multi-dimensional nutritional geometry to analyze energy and macronutrient composition (carbohydrates, lipids, protein) of capuchin monkey diets.
  • Focused on wild capuchin monkeys that routinely use stone tools to crack palm nuts.
  • Quantified changes in net energy gain, fiber ingestion, non-protein energy intake, and macronutrient ratios associated with tooling.

Main Results:

  • Tooling significantly increased net energy gain by 50% and reduced fiber intake by 7% in capuchin monkeys.
  • Tool use led to increased daily non-protein energy intake and reduced variability in the protein to non-protein energy ratio, indicating macronutrient balancing.
  • Protein intake remained consistent, suggesting a 'protein prioritization' strategy also observed in humans.

Conclusions:

  • Tool use enhances dietary consistency and nutritional security by optimizing energy acquisition and macronutrient balance in wild primates.
  • These findings support the hypothesis that tool use provided significant nutritional advantages for early hominins, potentially driving cultural development.
  • The study highlights the crucial role of nutritional ecology in understanding the evolutionary significance of tool use.