Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

X and Y Chromosomes02:32

X and Y Chromosomes

26.6K
Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...
26.6K
Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

57.7K
Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
57.7K
Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

194.1K
Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by...
194.1K
Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

62.2K
Overview
62.2K
Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

102.8K
Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
102.8K
The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

6.8K
The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
6.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Seven-year Safety and Efficacy of Somapacitan in Children With GH Deficiency: Final Results From REAL 3.

Journal of the Endocrine Society·2025
Same author

Measurement of 11-Oxo-androgens, A Novel Biomarker, in Females with Clinical Signs of Premature Adrenarche

Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology·2025
Same author

Long acting growth hormone (LAGH), an update.

Frontiers in pediatrics·2023
Same author

Weekly Somapacitan in GH Deficiency: 4-Year Efficacy, Safety, and Treatment/Disease Burden Results From REAL 3.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2023
Same author

Long-acting growth hormone in 2022.

Pediatric investigation·2023
Same author

A comprehensive electronic health record-enabled smoking treatment program: Evaluating reach and effectiveness in primary care in a multiple baseline design.

Preventive medicine·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Turner Syndrome 45XO Fetal Cells for Downstream Modelling of Neurological Deficits Associated with the Syndrome
09:39

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Turner Syndrome 45XO Fetal Cells for Downstream Modelling of Neurological Deficits Associated with the Syndrome

Published on: December 4, 2021

3.2K

Turner Syndrome: An Update.

Margaret Steiner1, Paul Saenger1

  • 1NYU Langone Health-Long Island, 101 Mineola Boulevard, Mineola, NY 11501, USA.

Advances in Pediatrics
|August 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Turner syndrome, a common sex chromosome abnormality, often leads to infertility and short stature. Early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment are crucial for affected girls due to its systemic effects.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Turner syndrome is the most frequent sex chromosome abnormality in females.
  • Key clinical manifestations include short stature and infertility.
  • Delayed diagnosis impacts long-term health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the critical need for early diagnosis of Turner syndrome.
  • To highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing Turner syndrome.
  • To underscore the significance of timely intervention for improving patient prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical findings in Turner syndrome patients.
  • Analysis of diagnostic timelines and treatment strategies.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of systemic effects.
Keywords:
InfertilityLong-acting growth hormoneShort statureTurner syndrome

More Related Videos

Exploring X Chromosomal Aberrations in Ovarian Cells by Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
11:08

Exploring X Chromosomal Aberrations in Ovarian Cells by Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: April 7, 2023

1.1K
Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction
12:03

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Published on: March 25, 2021

4.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 31, 2025

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Turner Syndrome 45XO Fetal Cells for Downstream Modelling of Neurological Deficits Associated with the Syndrome
09:39

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Turner Syndrome 45XO Fetal Cells for Downstream Modelling of Neurological Deficits Associated with the Syndrome

Published on: December 4, 2021

3.2K
Exploring X Chromosomal Aberrations in Ovarian Cells by Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
11:08

Exploring X Chromosomal Aberrations in Ovarian Cells by Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Published on: April 7, 2023

1.1K
Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction
12:03

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Published on: March 25, 2021

4.7K

Main Results:

  • Short stature and infertility are prominent features.
  • Late diagnosis remains a significant challenge.
  • Systemic involvement necessitates a holistic management plan.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification and intervention are paramount for managing Turner syndrome.
  • A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach optimizes therapeutic outcomes.
  • Timely diagnosis and treatment are essential for addressing the multifaceted challenges of Turner syndrome.