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Head trauma and Cochlear implant displacement - A systematic review
Sarah Benyo1, Robert A Saadi2, John L Dornhoffer2
1The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
American Journal of Otolaryngology
|August 21, 2022
Summary
Traumatic head injury can cause rare cochlear implant (CI) migration, including receiver-stimulator or magnet displacement, or electrode extrusion. This risk persists long after implantation.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Neurosurgery
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Cochlear implant (CI) migration following head trauma is an infrequent but significant complication.
- Limited data exists on the risk factors, presentation, diagnosis, and management of traumatic CI displacement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review and synthesize existing literature on traumatic cochlear implant migration.
- To identify risk factors, clinical presentations, diagnostic approaches, and intervention strategies for CI displacement due to head trauma.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
- Searched PubMed and MEDLINE databases (2000-2021) using keywords: "cochlear implant", "migration", "displacement", "extrusion", "head trauma".
- Included full-text English articles, excluding abstracts and commentaries; 11 articles were reviewed.
Main Results:
- Eleven articles were included after screening 152 potential studies.
- Qualitative synthesis revealed CI migration types: receiver-stimulator displacement, magnet displacement, and electrode extrusion.
- Migration occurred between 3 months and 26 years post-implantation, indicating risk is not solely time-dependent.
Conclusions:
- Traumatic cochlear implant migration is rare but can occur years after surgery.
- Current repair methods lack comparative data, especially regarding prevention of traumatic migration.
- Further research is needed to compare operative techniques for CI migration repair and prevention.
