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Detecting bacterial adaptation within individual microbiomes.

Tami D Lieberman1,2,3

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|August 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human microbiome has a high capacity for adaptive mutations, yet within-microbiome evolution is understudied. This review explores methods to detect recent adaptive evolution in the human microbiome.

Keywords:
adaptationbacterial genomicshuman microbiomemicrobial evolutionparallel evolution

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The human microbiome harbors billions of daily mutations with significant adaptive potential.
  • Commensal bacterial strains can persist for decades, suggesting stable colonization and adaptation.
  • Selective forces driving these mutations can be individual-specific, dynamic, or novel.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the potential of studying within-microbiome adaptive evolution.
  • To identify conceptual and technical limitations hindering the study of adaptive mutations.
  • To review methods for detecting recent adaptive evolution within the human microbiome.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on microbiome evolution and mutation.
  • Discussion of challenges in detecting de novo adaptive mutations.
  • Exploration of methodologies for identifying recent adaptive events.

Main Results:

  • The human microbiome possesses a vast, yet largely unexplored, capacity for adaptive evolution.
  • Underappreciation of within-microbiome adaptation may stem from conceptual and technical hurdles.
  • Various methods exist for detecting recent adaptive evolution, requiring further application.

Conclusions:

  • Studying within-microbiome adaptation is crucial for understanding human health and disease.
  • Overcoming current limitations is necessary to fully appreciate the role of adaptive mutations.
  • Further research into detecting and understanding these mutations will advance microbiome science.