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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

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IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
36
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

39
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
39
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

44
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
44
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

28
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
28
Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management01:19

Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management

33
The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
33
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

44
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 31, 2025

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
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Arrhythmogenic Mitral Valve Prolapse.

Theofanis George Korovesis1, Paraskevi Koutrolou-Sotiropoulou1, Demosthenes George Katritsis1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review
|August 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) can increase sudden cardiac death risk due to papillary muscle fibrosis. Identifying high-risk MVP patients with specific ECG and imaging features is crucial for timely intervention.

Keywords:
Arrhythmiaechocardiographymitral annular disjunctionmitral valve prolapsepapillary muscle fibrosispremature ventricular contractionssudden cardiac death

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An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) affects 1-3% of the population.
  • A subset of MVP patients faces an elevated risk of sudden cardiac death.
  • Fibrotic changes in papillary muscles, driven by the prolapsing valve, are implicated in arrhythmogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the arrhythmogenic mechanisms in mitral valve prolapse.
  • To identify key diagnostic features and prognostic indicators for high-risk MVP.
  • To discuss management strategies for preventing malignant arrhythmias in MVP patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on MVP pathophysiology and clinical presentation.
  • Analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) findings associated with MVP-related arrhythmias.
  • Evaluation of echocardiography and cardiac MRI for diagnosing MVP, mitral annular disjunction, and fibrosis.

Main Results:

  • Specific ECG abnormalities (ST depression, T wave changes, ventricular arrhythmias) are linked to MVP.
  • Mitral annular disjunction identified by echocardiography is a negative prognostic marker.
  • Cardiac MRI is essential for detecting fibrosis, a key substrate for arrhythmias.

Conclusions:

  • High-risk features in MVP patients necessitate further evaluation.
  • Interventions like catheter ablation, mitral valve repair, and ICD implantation may mitigate arrhythmia risk.