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Sex differences in comorbidities associated with Sjögren's disease
Katelyn A Bruno1,2,3, Andrea Carolina Morales-Lara1, Edsel B Bittencourt4
1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States.
Sex differences in comorbidities are significant in Sjögren's disease. Women face higher risks for rheumatic and autoimmune conditions, while men are more prone to cardiovascular diseases.
Area of Science:
- Rheumatology
- Epidemiology
- Autoimmune Diseases
Background:
- Sjögren's disease is an autoimmune disorder with complex comorbidities.
- Understanding sex-based differences in comorbidity patterns is crucial for patient management.
- Previous research has not fully elucidated the association between comorbidities, sex, and age at diagnosis in Sjögren's disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association of comorbidities with sex and age at diagnosis in patients with Sjögren's disease.
- To test the hypothesis that sex differences exist in the comorbidities experienced by Sjögren's disease patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 13,849 Sjögren's disease patients diagnosed between 1974 and 2018.
- Assessment of 22 comorbidities based on sex and age at diagnosis using Mayo Clinic electronic medical records.
- Comparison of comorbidity prevalence and relative risks between male and female Sjögren's disease patients.
Main Results:
- Women (86%) predominated Sjögren's disease diagnoses; mean age at diagnosis was 57 years.
- Top comorbidities included fibromyalgia, depression, and pain.
- Women showed increased risk for hypermobile syndromes, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), CREST, migraine, fibromyalgia, Raynaud's syndrome, SLE, and systemic sclerosis (SSc).
- Men exhibited higher risks for myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis/CAD, cardiomyopathy, stroke, and congestive heart failure.
Conclusions:
- Sjögren's disease presents distinct comorbidity profiles in men and women.
- Women with Sjögren's disease are at elevated risk for rheumatic and autoimmune conditions.
- Men with Sjögren's disease face a greater risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
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